Evaluation of Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolate from Stool in a Referral Hospital in North-Central, Nigeria.

• ¹, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia Nasarawa state ,

Background: The global burden of antimicrobial resistance is high. Antibacterial resistance is particularly worrisome due to poor hygiene, lack of appropriate storage facility and irrational use of antibiotics. Hence the need for strengthening of prescription surveillance system and evidence-based treatment. 
Objectives: To determine the bacteria isolates in stool specimens and their sensitivity pattern among patients managed in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital. 
Methods: All patients managed within January 2021 to December 2021, who had stool microscopy done were included in this study while those with incomplete records were excluded.  Ethical  approval  was  obtained  from  the  Research  Ethics  Committee  of  the Hospital. Data was entered into a computer and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) used for data analysis. A significant p was <0.05 
Results: Overall, more than a quarter of culture positive stool sample were among children under five while the least was seen in those ≥ 65 years. Salmonella species were isolated in 62.71%  of  the  patients  while  36.31%  grew  Escherichia  coli.  Salmonella  sp.  showed sensitivity to Ofloxacin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin. Resistance to Salmonella sp. was found with Augmentin in this study. The highest Escherichia coli sensitivity was with 
Gentamycin, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Resistance to Escherichia coli is highest with Augmentin, Cefuroxime and Amoxicillin. 
Conclusions: There is good positivity from stool sample in this study. Salmonella species and Escherichia coli were the two commonly cultured bacteria pathogen from stool sample. There are good sensitivities to the Quinolones, Aminoglycosides and Macrolides while resistance was mostly to the Penicillins and Cephalosporins.